Meg Whitman Case Essay Example

Meg Whitman Case Paper At last, I will examine how the workers at eBay react to Meg Whitman administration style. Examine how Meg Whitman administration reflects exchange authority. Exchange authority Involves persuading and coordinating fundamentally through engaging representatives personal circumstance. Whitman shows this by her representatives being merry and formal and yet persevering and fruitful. Whitman being the CEO of eBay shows she has the essential intensity of being a value-based pioneer, which originates from their conventional expert in the association. Whitman additionally centers around the essential administration of controlling, sorting out, and present moment spearing. At the point when a director was asked what It like Is to answer to Whitman, he answered l have numbers, I know them. Theyre clear. Furthermore, the desires are high (Organizational Behavior, 2009). This shows Whitman centers around controlling, sorting out, and transient arranging by the manner in which supervisors report to Whitman. An administrator being alright with answering to his CEO additionally shows that Whitman has a viable method of spurring her representatives. There are five practices In which compelling value-based pioneers are probably going to take part in. Two of these practices are as questions. They are, what should be done and what is correct. During Whitman first landing in eBay, she vowed to change eBay from an online sales management firm Into an a lot greater, universally useful shopping goal. Whitman considered these two inquiries while thinking about this guarantee. The third practice is they create activity plans. Whitman had an arrangement through a guarantee which she put In activity by gaining Stub, Online Classifieds, Shopping. Com, Rent. Com, Seep, and Papal. For the situation, a chief remarked: Several years prior we were an optional collectibles commercial center. We will compose a custom article test on Meg Whitman Case explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Meg Whitman Case explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Meg Whitman Case explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Presently were an exchanging stage. The adjustment In those quite a while Is an aftereffect of choices made by Whitman of procuring certain organizations. The fourth practice is they assume liability for their choices. Whitman remarked: Im a netter pioneer, a netter supervisor, a netter official than when I prior as an adolescent. I have figured out how to deal with an organization that reexamines itself each couple of years (Organizational Behavior, 2009). Whitman remark couldn't be committed without her gaining from her errors and awful choices before and assuming liability for them. The fifth practice is they assume liability for imparting. Under Whitman administration, eBay concocts a great deal of smart thoughts through imparting, yet they think opening up the stage makes eBay more grounded, better, as others create applications to the stage. Whitman authority shows that she assumes liability for conveying. Recognize the parts of Meg Whitman administration that reflect true initiative. A part of Meg Whitman authority that reflects real administration is that Whitman knows and gets herself. Whitman shows this my creation a guarantee hen she initially shows up at eBay and making her guarantee work out as expected. Whitman additionally gained from her slip-ups and improved as a CEO as time went on. Whitman achievement would not be conceivable on the off chance that she didn't have the foggiest idea and get herself. The second part of Meg Whitman authority that reflects legitimate administration is Whitman comprehending what she accepts and values. Whitman shows this by making the organization progressively different bringing about the consolation and regard of various perspectives. Whitman likewise earned validity by making eBay increasingly fruitful and a fun and lively work environment. This permits Whitman the capacity to have more representatives to trust and follow her (Organizational Behavior, 2009). The third part of Meg Whitman authority that reflects true administration is Whitman following up on her qualities and convictions through transparent correspondence with subordinates and others. Whitman directors report to her with numbers prepared and clear since Whitman has a hankering for insights. Whitman has increasingly a hankering for main concern results. Whitman having this conviction and her subordinates following her conviction shows she covers this angle. Whitman searches for workers that re invigorate by the strategic the organization. Whitman worth and conviction of the mission is straightforwardly and actually conveyed through her employing procedure (Organizational Behavior, 2009). Talk about how Meg Whitman administration reflects transformational initiative. Meg Whitman authority reflects transformational administration by envisioning future patterns, moving devotees to comprehend and grasp another vision of conceivable outcomes, creating others to be pioneers or better pioneers, and building the association or gathering into a network of tested and compensated students Organizational Behavior, 2009). Meg Whitman shows this by driving eBay to adhere to their field-tested strategy with no commencement. Likewise Whitman ensures the organization remains concentrated on their objectives. Whitman guarantee to change eBay from an online sales management firm into an a lot greater, universally useful shopping goal was accomplished (Organizational Behavior, 2009). This shows Whitman foreseen future patterns and enlivened adherents to grasp her vision of additional opportunities with comprehension. Talk about how Meg Whitman utilized her administration aptitudes to change the organization from an online sale dunk into a broadly useful shopping goal organization. Meg Whitman utilized her administration abilities to change the organization from an online Acton things Into a broadly useful sneaking around independent organization Day ceaselessly growing the eBay commercial center and new administrations in networks far and wide. Another move Whitman made to accomplish this was procuring Shopping. Com, Rent. Com, Papal, Stub, Online Classifieds, and Seep (Organizational Behavior, 2009). Whitman procuring every one of these organizations extends eBays commercial center. Whitman likewise does this by makes the organization increasingly differing which increments new thoughts and alps the organization be progressively fruitful. Talk about how the workers at eBay react to Meg Whitman administration style. The workers at eBay react to Meg Whitman initiative style in a positive manner. Whitman authority brings about representatives being merry and formal. Whitman initiative style is additionally communicated through eBays easygoing workplace. Whitman achievement in the organization by expanding benefits and decent variety in an effective manner shows that workers and follow her administration style. Whitman caring initiative style is appeared by her staying with her workers through thick ND flimsy by remaining by an evil representatives side until he balanced out.

Mother, daughter arrested in robbery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mother, little girl captured in theft - Essay Example She is being hung on $250,000 bond at the Eastern Regional Jail anticipating removal back to Washington County, Maryland where she is accused in warrants of burglary, furnished theft, being an outlaw from equity and different offenses. Her 16-year-old girl, Jade Wilson, was captured at Martinsburg High School about an hour prior to her mother’s capture, was arrested and is being hung on $125,000 bail at the Vicki V. Douglas Center. As per The Herald-Mail Company, it isn't clear on the off chance that she will be moved to an adolescent office in Maryland. Like her mom, she is anticipating removal to Hagerstown, where the high schooler is relied upon to be charged as a grown-up. As per Sergeant Roy Harsh of the Washington County Sheriff’s Department, the bank theft happened when two females gave a teller a note and one lady demonstrated a firearm that she had in her sleeve. They left with an unknown measure of cash. During the hour of the theft, the bank was open and one client was inside. The theft was fast and extremely calm and the client inside the bank didn't take note of that it was going on. The two supposedly took the note back and quickly left the save money with the cash in a sack. Police accept that the two suspects moved into an escape vehicle with a potential West Virginia enrollment. The sheriffs division says they utilized a portion of the cash to pay $750 in back due lease. As per examiners, there is a chance of more captures for the situation (McMillion, 2009). It is basically a demonstration joined by indicated conditions and a basic component of a wrongdoing that must be demonstrated to make sure about a conviction. The actus reus of the current case included looting the Susquehanna Bank office in Halfway, Maryland. Note that the suspects couldn't be rebuffed for deduction criminal contemplations however for

Barbecue vs. Barbeque

Grill versus Grill Grill versus Grill Grill versus Grill By Maeve Maddox We as a whole have our arrangements of language bothers. In all probability, no two of our rundowns are the equivalent. The peruser whose email provoked this post can’t stand the spelling grill: One of my pet loathes (I have in excess of a couple) is barbeque†. At the point when I hear that this spellinghas went into basic utilization I become phenomenally furious. I have entered it into the NGram and [discovered] an inappropriate spelling has steadily made strides and the correct spelling is declining. Is this the fate of language? I can identify with the agony a kindred language sweetheart feels when confronted with one of his bothers, yet I need to concede that grill doesn’t even register as a â€Å"one† on my size of semantic misery. I experienced childhood in a town in which the spots gaining practical experience in this kind of cooking spell it Bar-B-Q on their signs and BBQ on their menus. Grill looks fine to me. The principal gleam of grill on the Ngram Viewer appears in 1893. Bar-b-que is there as ahead of schedule as 1889. Grill starts its ascent during the 1960s; BBQ during the 1970s. Grill, be that as it may, stays by a wide margin the most well-known spelling in printed books. Something that may have added to the promotion of the grill spelling could be a bogus historical background that once got out and about on the Web and may pre-date email scams. As per this inventive clarification, the word gets from a French act of broiling a goat entire, â€Å"from facial hair to tail,† i.e., â€Å"barbe (whiskers) (to) line (tail). Actually, grill entered English as an obtaining from Spanish barbacoa. The word experienced different spelling stages before settling down to the standard spelling of grill. The OED shows spellings recorded at various dates: Barbacu (1661) Barbicu (1690) Barbecu (1697) Barbicue (1773) In his journals, George Washington (1732-1799) spelled it both Barbicue and Barbecue. The Spanish got the word from the Arawakan word barbakoa, â€Å"framework of sticks.† This was a raised wood structure that served two capacities for the Indians: 1. to rest on; 2. to fix meat on. The importance â€Å"an open air dinner of simmered meat or fish as a social entertainment† is from 1733. The significance â€Å"a flame broil for cooking over an open fire† dates from 1931. The action word â€Å"to barbecue† has been being used since 1690, yet its first importance was â€Å"to dry or fix meat.† Now it implies â€Å"to cook or roast.† A Google scan raises more hits for grill, however grill isn't a long ways behind: grill 13,200,000 grill 12,400,000 Primary concern: The standard spelling is grill, however grill is a perceived North American variation. English speakers, including Australians, are encouraged to adhere to grill, however Americans and Canadians have the choice to spell it in any case: Merriam-Webster and the Oxford Canadian Dictionary of Current English both rundown grill without bias. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Misused Words class, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:Homograph ExamplesWhen to Form a Plural with an ApostropheTreatment of Words That Include â€Å"Self†

Toyota’s Accelerator and Public Relations Crisis Essay Example for Free

Toyota’s Accelerator and Public Relations Crisis Essay One of the world’s top automakers, Toyota was once one of the pioneers in vehicle and business improvement and assembling. Be that as it may, in 2009 the top manufacturer of dependable and top notch vehicles experienced perhaps the biggest review throughout the entire existence of the United States. Shoppers had considered Toyota one of the top in the race for vehicle and car selling among vehicle producers. They have consistently had a notoriety for being a pioneer of value and proficiency regarding their creation and assembling gauges. Since the review Toyota has taken a huge hit to its notoriety and its faithful client premise. Buyers are addressing whether Toyota was concealing reality from the general population with respect to their understand quickening agent issues and why they were attempting to fix the issues after the issue got genuine and not right away. Some may address if this occurrence will for all time influence Toyota’s notoriety or if Toyota dealt with this circumstance appropriately. In this paper we will examine these inquiries just as the reason for the issue. A few diverse Toyota and Lexus models were accounted for to have gotten in mishaps in regards to increasing speed issues. The accelerator’s in a portion of the Toyota models were stalling out, which didn't permit the drivers of these vehicles to back off or stop so as to forestall a mishap. At the point when this issue was initially uncovered Toyota guaranteed that â€Å"faulty floor tangle placement† was at fault and that the gas pedal would stall out behind the floor mats which would make the powerlessness delayed down or stop. As per Bob Carter, senior supervisor of the Toyota-brand division of Toyota Motor Sales USA â€Å" The danger of the quickening agent getting stuck is carefully an issue of unintended free or sick fitting floor mats ( Niedermeyer)†. â€Å"Toyota invalidated hypothesis in the press that different imperfections may be making its vehicles quicken wild, refering to its own and government wellbeing considers (Niedermeyer)†. After further examination by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration the real issue might not have anything to do with â€Å"faulty floor tangle placement† however with a few model’s acceleratorâ mechanism. They found that â€Å"the plan of the quickening agent pedal (â€Å"one-piece, nonarticulating†) permitted it to turn out to be handily captured ready of the elastic all-climate floor tangle if the elastic tangle was not appropriately made sure about with at any rate of the two holding snares (Jensen)†. Toyota at long last gave a shopper wellbeing warning to all Toyota and Lexus proprietors toward the finish of September 2009 and toward the finish of October 2009 sent certain Toyota proprietors security notification to caution them of the potential issues. It is as yet obscure the specific date that Toyota realized their models were broken however it is realized that reports of the flawed vehicles started emerging as right on time as 1999. The underlying issue was not made open until issues persevered throughout the following 10 years. And, after its all said and done it took the demise of 4 people in California driving a Lexus with an adhered quickening agent to last talk about Toyota’s quickening agent issues. Toyota at that point declared they would review a large number of models of Toyota Vehicles. There were a few Toyota models affected which incorporate the company’s three smash hits the Camry, Corolla, and Rav4 SUV. â€Å"Between them, they represented the gre ater part of the Toyota brand’s U.S. deals in 2009 (Isidore)†. Despite the fact that Toyota ought to have paid attention to this circumstance more years back when the difficult previously occurred, would they say they are truly to fault? At the point when the quickening agent issue happened to just a couple of vehicles during the time it’s difficult to state that Toyota is to be faulted. I think the truth is that they attempted to shift responsibility elsewhere accusing the floor tangle arrangement rather than truly researching the issue. Had they examined the issue all the more cautiously consumer’s trust in Toyota might not have been discolored. Individuals are not accepting a Toyota for simply their looks, they are purchasing the Toyota brand due to the reality they are known to be a dependable and safe vehicle that can last â€Å"forever†. Chris Isidore says all that needs to be said when he says† For years, Toyota Motor was the automaker that couldn't take the blame no matter what. Presently it’s committed a significant error liable to lastingly affect the organization (Isidore)†. Not exclusively did the review impact some of Toyota’s smash hit vehicles it caused five North American plants to end creation which influenced around 14,000 representatives. To stop creation to its vehicles is extreme in an economy where there is exacting rivalry. Erich Merkle, leader of Autoconomy.com, an industry analysisâ firm says â€Å"American rivals like General Motors and Ford Motor have comparable vehicles to the ones reviewed by Toyota, which are unquestionably more serious than they’ve been already. Steadfast Toyota clients who choose to take a gander at other contribution are bound to discover something they like than they may have been previously. Toyota fighting off those adversaries would ha ve been a sufficient test without the wellbeing issues.† Toyota realizes the negative effect this review has is unquestionably not positive but rather they are resolved to reestablish consumer’s trust in their items. Numerous specialists feel that â€Å"the harm to the Toyota brand and the company’s deals may as of now have been done (Isidore)†. Toyota’s stock costs have gone downhill since the time the updates on the reviews opened up to the world. In spite of the fact that the organization is attempting to determine the issue with their floor mats and quickening agent gives the media and client disappointment have placed the organization in a difficult situation to react to its difficulties. This has cause contenders like Ford and Hyundai to respond rapidly and offer Toyotas clients motivating forces to exchange their Toyota’s for one of the competitor’s models. Some are in any event, offering motivating forces of $1,000 and 0 percent financing to draw in Toyota’s client base. Each brand has its qualities and shortcoming. Toyota concentrated on a sub branch approach, in which the majority of its vehicles are connected to a solitary corporate brand. For Toyota that implies that an issue with any vehicle at Toyota won't just influence deals of the affected model being referred to however to its whole stock of vehicles. Along these lines it comes as no large astonishment that few of their vehicles were remembered for there review. Audi was another vehicle maker that experienced a fundamentally the same as review issue with quickening agent issues. The general effect this had on Audi was essential. The resale estimation of the Audi 5000, which had been include in various lethal quickening agent mishaps declined fundamentally because of the review. This additionally had a snowball impact on other Audi vehicles, for example, a the Audi 4000, which lost noteworthy resale esteem, and to a lesser degree likewise affected the Audi Quattro all because of the way that they were a piece of a similar organization. Any specialized hitch with one vehicle can likewise mean issues with others when the auto world in known for utilizing shared parts and advances over different models. Another review that that was famous in history was with the Ford Pinto. This was unquestionably not probably the biggest review since it onlyâ affected about 1.5 million vehicles however some considered it the most hazardous. With this review a driver could be dependent upon a detonating gas tank in case of a mishap. At first Ford didn’t even need to review these vehicles and would have rather managed claims, which started an enormous open objection. In 1995 Honda another vehicle maker that is know for its unwavering quality likewise had a review on the Honda Accord and a few other Honda and Acura models. This review influenced about 3.7 million vehicles. The primary driver of the review was the safety belt skeleton, which had gotten either broken or questionable in numerous vehicles. Chevy, Ford, and GM have likewise had a considerable amount of huge reviews consistently. These reviews influenced millions too. The vast majority understand that at some point something is going to amiss with their vehicle. Fixes are not out of the ordinary and generally most vehicles and trucks will sooner or later have a review. Reviews address wellbeing issues, regardless of whether they are minor or major. Toyota’s review was less a section must be reviewed however a greater amount of the reality they attempted to accuse the arrangement of a story tangle. At the point when organizations attempt to shrub issues under the floor covering that’s when individuals recollect. Despite the fact that right now the review may influence Toyota adversely generally speaking I think its customer’s will stay steadfast. At the point when awful things will in general occur, organizations need the correct system for working out of a wreck and staying away from a discolored notoriety. Picking the most ideal approach to react isn't in every case simple however can have any kind of effect towards the company’s endurance. Toyota knew there were issues with the quickening agents and held up until they were in an emergency to determine this issue. Toyota reaction to the review not just influenced its buyer base in the US yet may have had a similar negative contact with its Chinese buyers. One report showed that â€Å"the vast larger part of Chinese vehicle buyers (74 percent) know about Toyota’s present troubles. Pretty much every two out of three of these purchasers recognize that their trust in the Japanese vehicle producer has been influenced (62 percent) and that the present review practice debases their picture view of Toyota. Among the proprietors, the effect is considerably less signif icant however, as just somewhat less than one in each seven Toyota clients unequivocally concede to a debased picture discernment and diminishing in trust (15 percent), contrasted and one out ofâ every four vehicle proprietors of contender brands (27 perc

U4 Research Project Example

U4 Research Project Example U4 Research Project †Coursework Example Mutual Folder versus NTFS Permissions and Distributed File System Sharing authorizations in windows PCs are accessible for the two drivers and envelopes relying upon the level of access permitted by the client. NT File System (NTFS) consents are utilized in drives that are designed with NTFS. The authorization is allowed at the Windows logon and applies to all clients independent of the area. Mutual consent and NTFS authorization make them thing in like manner: forestalling unapproved access.Shared Folder versus NTFS PermissionsShaded organizer consents become viable when envelopes are being gotten to over numerous client accounts or over a system. They are utilized in overseeing PCs having FAT32 document framework or those that are not utilizing NTFS record framework. Mutual envelopes causes organize clients to get to document assets. Offer consent settings have the accompanying alternatives: Full Control, Read and Change. Be that as it may, NTFS consent gives security in a wide ran ge since they can be doled out to singular records and envelopes. NTFS consent controls access to both system and on nearby PCs. The accessible record choices incorporate Individual clients, explicit or bunch clients. For example, in the application envelope, shared consents permit Read authorization to clients gathering. Notwithstanding, NTFS consent permits Read, Read and Execute to the user’s group.NTFS can hold up to 255 characters in length in records and envelope names. Names are not case-touchy in NTFS yet are case-safeguarding. Be that as it may, when a POSIX application is utilized in the record name, it will be case-touchy. It can bolster allotments more prominent than 400MB because of the overhead in question. NTFS bolsters pressure of records where it can diminish the content document size by half. NTFS segment licenses access of records by Macintosh users.NTFS gives different benefits relating to security just as usefulness with the assistance of reparse focuses. NTFS gives security as its essential benefits. NTFS requires a littler default group size, hence, by lessening bunch size it will improve the effectiveness of capacity as it will decrease part slack. Be that as it may, NTFS parcel can expand fracture of documents that will influence the yield (Shapiro and Jeffrey, 2008, p. 460). NTFS offers help to circle standards which helps in the executives of the capacity space.Notes1. Reparse focuses as utilized in this paper implies NTFS objects that are answerable for conveying unique property tagsReferencesKenneth Gregg, B. S. (1999). Microsoft Windows NT Server Administrators Bible. Wiley.Lee Hadfield, D. H. (1997). Windows NT Server 4 Security Handbook. Pearson P T R.Shapiro, J. R. (2008). Windows Server 2008 Bible. John Wiley and Sons.Sommerville, I. (2001). Programming Engineering. Britain: Pearson Education Limited.Distributed File System (DFS)It alludes to a customer/server based application framework that approves customers to appro ach of the information put away on the server more than a few PCs and to process it just as it is kept in a solitary PC (Sommerville, 2001, p. 240). It applies to Window Server: 2003, 2003 R2 with SP1 and that with SP2. Clients are not limited to a specific genuine physical area of documents to permit them to approach of them yet disperse record framework help them in combining them just as they lives on a solitary server. When adjusting record areas or when clients need realness to get to various targets, you should utilize DFS.There are two significant methods of actualizing DFS, namely:1. Independent root DFS2. Area DFSDFS helps clients in getting to documents without any problem. Clients can get to a few documents spread over various servers easily as they won't depend on different drive mappings to approach the records. Administrations that may require the server to be taken disconnected for support objects are being practiced without Web servers being upset. The DFS mapping is being distributed by the Windows Server 2003 framework to Active Directory. This guarantees Domain DFS hold access to users’ documents. DFS likewise helps in giving security to the documents and organizers with the assistance of standard NTFS just as record sharing permissions.ReferencesKenneth Gregg, B. S. (1999). Microsoft Windows NT Server Administrators Bible. Wiley.Lee Hadfield, D. H. (1997). Windows NT Server 4 Security Handbook. Pearson P T R.Services, E. E. (2010). Data Storage and Management. Indiana: Wiley Publishing, Inc.Shapiro, J. R. (2008). Windows Server 2008 Bible. John Wiley and Sons.Sommerville, I. (2001). Programming Engineering. Britain: Pearson Education Limited.

Who is this Selim guy COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Who is this Selim guy COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Selim Can Sazak MIA ISP 2015 Currently, I am working towards my Master’s degree in International Affairs in the School of International and Public Affairs, specializing on International Security Policy and the Middle East. I am a Fulbright scholar, the co-chairperson of the Schools Defense and Security Student Organization and a member of the 2014-2015 class of Columbia University’s International Fellows Program, a two-semester seminar on the U.S’s role in world affairs that admits only 30 students from all graduate programs on the basis of academic merit. I also received SIPA’s Dasturdaza Jal Pavry Award awarded to the best graduate paper on the topic of international peace and understanding with a paper proposing a political argument and legal basis for the use of frozen assets by the UNSC to fund humanitarian assistance in complex refugee emergencies based on Article VII provisions. Alongside my studies, I am a regular blogger for Christian Science Monitors new blog on cyber security and I am contribu ting to media outlets like The National Interest, the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists and Hurriyet Daily News. I received my bachelors degree in philosophy from Bilkent University in Ankara, Turkey. After graduating, I spent two years working for a NATO research center on terrorism and counter-terrorism and an international NGO, Pugwash Conferences of Science and World Affairs, the laureate of the 1995 Nobel Peace Prize. While working for NATO, my duties included briefing senior military commanders in the Turkish General Staff and organizing training programs for mid-level NATO officers under the supervision of the Centers academic advisor and required wide-ranging knowledge on the nature, structure and history of religious, separatist and revolutionary terrorist organizations active in the Middle East as well as domestic terrorist groups and emerging threats like cyber-terrorism. In my later work for Pugwash Conferences, I also gained experience in the field; participating in conflict resolution and multitrack diplomacy efforts in Iran, Afghanistan, Kashmir, Syria, Palestine and Nagorno-Karabakh. I was the government liaison in the team that put together Pugwash’s Biennial Conference held in Istanbul, which hosted the President of Turkey, H.E. Abdullah Gul and Foreign Ministers of Iran and Turkey, H.E. Javad Zarif and H.E. Ahmet Davutoglu and a junior staffer in the informal meetings Pugwash had organized with high-level Iranian officials on Irans nuclear program. I was also an adviser in the team that devised Turkey’s policy on conventional arms control during 2013 OSCE Security Review Conference. After SIPA, I hope to be a scholar and a practitioner; talking, thinking, teaching and working to promote a more egalitarian and more peaceful international order. I am applying to several Ph.D. programs, including Columbia and I hope that I will be around Morningside Heights for a few more years to come. I am also involved in ongoing diplomatic projects, including an effort for an international cyber-security treaty. I believe in change, in the responsibility to making right what you see wrong. I see many wrongs in our world, and I feel responsible for making them right, wherever I can.

Mrs. Peters Beyond a Traditionalist - Literature Essay Samples

Protest is defined as â€Å"a statement or action expressing disapproval of or objection to someone or something.† On first instinct, most consider a protest to be a physical act, like marching through the streets towards a noble goal. A monumental event, such as the women’s suffrage movement, is the archetypal protest for most people. Susan Glaspell, author of the play Trifles and the short story â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers,† proves that a protest can be something as simple as asserting one’s own importance within the confines of the home. Being one of the few progressive authors during the early 20th century, Glaspells works reached many women who had been too afraid to speak upon the abuse they had been enduring. Mrs. Hale, the progressivist, and Mrs. Peters, the traditionalist, are perfect examples as to how contrasting views are shaped by life at home. Women like Mrs. Peters had almost no voice left at all, but with the help of a progressive friend for encouragement, Mrs. Peters was able to break away from the status quo and form her own opinions. Glaspell outlines the progression of Mrs. Peters from an oppressed housewife to a free-thinker to give 20th century women a model for withstanding the subjugation of domestic abuse. Being married to a man of authority, Mrs. Peters had never thought of herself as anything more than a housekeeper, representative of the traditionalist women of this time. Immediately, we see the authority that the men possess over the women, simply by how they address them. The sheriff, Mr. Peters, refers to Mrs. Peters by her full name, never â€Å"my wife† or even by her first name. A descriptor so concrete and unfeeling makes men’s position of dominance very firm. Mrs. Peters will never be seen as anything more than married to a man of authority, something she had never before thought to question. Accepting her position as nothing more than the sheriff’s wife, Mrs. Peters embodies the qualities required for the role: she is meek, subdued, and unprotesting. She became so embroiled in defending her husband’s job that she hadn’t considered what he actually does. Even though undeserving people end up behind bars, Mrs. Peters feels she must agree tha t â€Å"‘the law is the law’† (par. 145). The entirety of Glaspell’s works takes place in a kitchen setting, the â€Å"women’s place,† where Mrs. Peters brings up the tragedy of Mrs. Wrights preserves being destroyed by the cold. Mrs. Peters, being a housewife herself, knows how much labor goes into making and storing these fruit preserves: â€Å"‘Oh her fruit,’ she said.Mrs. Peters’s husband broke into a laugh. ‘Well, can you beat the woman!’† (pg 1036). This interaction describes the lack of consideration Mr. Peters has for his wife and all the hard work she puts into her â€Å"wifely duties.† This absence of acknowledgment plays directly into why Mrs. Peters’s voice is disregarded. Mrs. Peters is established as a traditionalist not by choice, but by necessity. Through her lifestyle of trailing behind her husband and forgoing the duties of motherhood, this sheriff’s wife has not been challenged in her thought process until she steps onto the scene of John Wright’s â€Å"tragic† death. By being exposed to a progressive mindset, Mrs. Peters is able to empathize with Mrs. Wright, and she begins to question her blind acceptance of the law. Throughout the story, it becomes very clear that Mrs. Peters has two sides that appear when men are or are not in the room. This distinction begins to spark a curiosity in the reader that there may be more to this â€Å"sheriff’s wife† than she has let on. She must not have always been this hushed woman, and this persona slowly fades as the mystery of Mr. John Wright’s murder unravels. In Trifles, the stage notes initially describe Mrs. Peters as â€Å"quiet† or â€Å"nervous,† a subtle way of expressing her forced introversion. The longer she is away from her husband and the more she empathizes with Mrs. Wrights lifestyle, readers begin to see her use a â€Å"rising voice,† or have â€Å"something within her speaking† (pg 9). Furthermore, â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† sheds a mor e detailed light on Mrs. Peters thoughts, allowing readers to witness her transition as a dynamic character. Although she â€Å"had that shrinking manner† found in many traditionalists of this time period, she has started to develop something found in progressives: â€Å"her eyes looked as if they could see a long way into things† (par. 124). She is able to look past the customs and routines she has subserviently followed for so long, and she sees through the cookie-cutter mold society forces upon women. As Mrs. Peters’s is challenged to form her own opinions through the conversation with Mrs. Hale, the transformation from unexpressed discontentment to full-fledged indignation is evident. Despite her circumstances and beliefs, it is ultimately Mrs. Peters’s decision to put the dead canary in her pocket, defying everything she has ever known. Upon finding the bird with its neck wrung, Mrs. Peters is struck with an overwhelming sense of empathy towards the suffering Mrs. Wright has endured. â€Å"my kitten there was a boy took a hatchet, and before my eyes..If they hadn’t held me back I would have hurt him† (pg 1042). Mrs. Peters connects to her own past experiences of losing not only a pet, but also a child, seeing that Mrs. Wright had none. A wife’s sole purpose during this time period was to be a mother, and having that â€Å"right† taken away from her, killing her bird was the last straw. Mrs. Peters had never felt so isolated and alone in her life, but for the first time, she fully understood Mrs. Wright’s actions. Once this connection is made, Mrs. Peters is compelled to save Mrs. Wright from another jail cell outside of her home. â€Å"throws back quilt pieces and tries to put the box in the handbag she is carrying.[she] starts to take bird out, cannot touch it, goes to pieces.† By hiding the incriminating evidence, Mrs. Peters hinders the male-centric justice system and exonerates her neighbor. Her eyes have been opened and her mind has been changed; she can now be considered a free-thinker. Although Mrs. Peters can start to hide the evidence, she cannot carry out the full action, however. She needs help from Mrs. Hale, a woman who has the experience and mindset far beyond former traditionalists. Protests can be started by those who are new to the fight, but they can not be sustained without seasoned warriors. Mrs. Hale asserts that â€Å"‘the law is the law and a bad stove is a bad stove’† (par. 148). Being the foil character to Mrs. Peters, Mrs. Hale challenges the common line of thinking and asserts that things don’t have to stay this way. Although Mrs. Peters has been enlightened to this notion, these women aren’t able to foresee that society cannot and will not change for decades to come. â€Å"There was a laugh for the ways of women, a warming of hands over the broken stove† (par. 159). Since the broken stove is a representation of the biased law, women are too powerless to change it. Can anyone truly warm their hands to feel relief from the cold of a broken stove? Glaspells purpose in this story is to give courage to traditionalist women of this era by showing them that they don’t have to succumb to this abuse. Mrs. Wright was isolated in every way possible, leading her to end her own suffering in the only way she knew how: a cold-blo oded kill. There is more to this life than what these women have experienced within their homes; Mrs. Wright’s marriage was proof that women need each other to unite against oppression. We must build one another up if we are able to stand at all.

Mexico s Drug Cartel Violence Problem - 1861 Words

The United States role with Mexico’s drug cartel violence problem has been of ongoing help. The cartels are unabashed in trying to continue to run their drug smuggling operations. The Mexican people have had to endure a high number of homicides in their country. Some of these people killed were innocents who were at the wrong place at the wrong time. Many of the homicides were intentional as drug cartels often send messages to people warning others not to interfere in their businesses. Mexican law enforcement officials are killed by the cartel in hopes of serving a message to others that the cartels are to be feared. It might seem that the United States does not have a role in addressing drug cartel violence in Mexico but they are trying†¦show more content†¦La Familia has benefited from Mexico’s crackdown as the turf war with other cartels has made La Familia stronger. La Familia is based in the Mexican State of Michoacà ¡n. As can be seen, the cartels are ba ttling on two fronts. One is against rival cartels for control of important drug smuggling corridors which is a war of familiarity; the other is an unfamiliar war with the government. The cartels had been accustomed to pay law enforcement off with bribes which were probably in their operational budgets as the price of doing their lucrative business, but times have changed. Because of this new war with the government, the cartels such as the Beltran Leyva Organization have employed the Zetas. The Zetas cartel are the best trained and is the first criminal organization in the Americas to have been formed by former military personnel and defectors from the regular army. The Zeta cartel is dangerous to the Mexican Government because this cartel is fully trained to understand and have proficiency with these weapons, which makes the Zetas all the more dangerous. The aim of the cartels is to try and keep business as usual, which it to continue to smuggle drugs into the U.S. border. They do this because it is lucrative; however, the tactics have changed. In order for the status quo to continue, the cartels have to create fear in the Mexican people along with law enforcement and the military. Dailey battles take place where the cartels take on the Mexican military. An example

The Red Wine With Appetizer Essay - 1119 Words

She was looking beautiful with a a pink outerwear with a white shirt inside. As our plan we had reached there on time. I was little shy to start over as it was the first day of the meeting. She smiled and swiped her hair away from her forehead. I melted down because of the charming presence which was out of my imagination. Eventually we are ended up meeting here how are you feeling Meh?, she asked me. See! I had told you right ? If we think something will come to be true one day. It was quite hard to convince you that we will have this moment one day,I replied. She nodded with a smile. Let s order some food first, I pulled the menu and said. Okay, sure . I think we can order the red wine with-appetizer, does it work for you?. She shook her head and that s what I gave the order. The sun was shining, wind was blowing slowly. The clear and beautiful sky had added the extra worth on that moment.I could see her hair was spreading due to the mild blow on her head. She smiled again, my heart melted second time. I was thinking about how to talk to her and how to be close to her as what we were in the chat. By the way how long are you going to stay in Nepal?, I started to be engaged for conversation. I will return back by the last week of next month? How about you ? . I will stay little longer, I have something to finish up here before I leave, I replied. You seem more prettier than what you looked in your picture, I said. Really ? Thanks forShow MoreRelated Spanish Food Essay889 Words   |  4 Pagesdistinguished Spanish foods that encompass the daily life and culture of the country. The tapa is a way to sample a variety of Spanish foods. This method of eating is the cornerstone of Spanish cuisine. A tapa is a small dish of food, similar to an appetizer in the United States. Mainly in bars, they are served throughout the day. No single food makes up a tapa; it can be seafood, vegetables, or meat. 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Human Rights And International Relations - 1572 Words

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The Achievement And Success Of Cyber Crimes - 1124 Words

Achievement and Success in Cybercrime Cyber crimes refer to crimes committed against computers, computer networks of the information stored in computers (Bronk, 2008). In the past, the main problem that law enforcement officers have faced with regard to cyber crimes has had to do with the jurisdiction. With the prominence of the internet as a means communication and computers are a means of accessing information, cyber crimes have become prevalent. However, given the realisation that cyber crimes can be committed by any one, at anytime and anywhere in the world, issues of jurisdictions have been the major problem facing the criminal justices. Besides, the justice system has been confronted with traditional crimes that are carried out through the cyber systems. Today, crimes such as stalking are mostly carried out through cyber systems such as the internet. 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Brand Equity Essay Free Essays

string(183) " behavioral approach that the company has towards the clients while creating awareness, the attitudinal approach of the consumers and the multi-domain approach that combines the two\." Brand equity is the manner in which the customers perceive the commodity in the market. When goods and services are branded in a way that impresses the client, the purchase power becomes high as opposed to the product that is not branded. Keller and Lehmann (2003), supports the fact that branding of the commodities is very important to the consumers because it increases the taste hence attract many clients. We will write a custom essay sample on Brand Equity Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other hand, Kallapur and Kwan (2004), support the idea by analyzing that branding increase the value of the products sold. Clients are more impressed when the goods are branded since it increases the level of trust to them. Interbrand (2011) in the United States was rated among the best because the turn up of the clients to buy goods and services was very high. Brand equity is a great relative measure that enables the company to give a comparison with its competitors, for this reason therefore, it has great impact on the financial value of the commodities branded.It gives a multi-reflection on the products on display, the firm that produces the goods and other related attributes. Keller (1993) found the model used in brand equity. From his point of view, he states that from the consumers, one is able to apprehend the value of the brand equity of the product. The brand of a particular product only sells widely if the consumers feel the taste, they have good experiences ion the brand and if there is long accumulation of that brand to them. In the dimension of brand equity, Keller (2001) gives an example with two items where one is branded and the other one is not branded. Due to the fact that one product is branded and the clients are well vast with it, it penetrates in the market faster as opposed to that which is not branded. Another important aspect in brand equity is when it is customer based. Customer based brand equity in this case is to say that the customers themselves have the sole decision making about a particular products. Negative views and analysis on the product gives it a knock out in the market. In this regard, customer based brand equity is very instrumental in and an important tool for the loyalty of the consumers. Kotler Keller (2006) explains the customer loyalty is very precious; it provides security of particular product in the market. It also predicts the level of demand that the clients will eventually have on the very product. On the other hand, it can act as a barrier to other firms that may be having a similar interest in supplying the same goods in the market. Brand Awareness The concept of brand awareness has drawn attention to many academics practitioners. Awareness of a particular product depends on the way it is advertised. More advertised products create awareness to the clients than the product which are not advertised. When advertised, consumers become more popular with the products and they try them most of the time. For customer awareness to be created, the image of the product must be of high quality and likened by the clients. Clients play a very pivotal role in creating awareness on the product. Goods that are widely used by clients are branded with good image and the clients are motivated to use them. While creating awareness on the product, it is important to point out the price that is friendly to the clients which makes them forgo other products to the newly branded. The awareness should be created on the importance of the very product and how it helps the community as opposed to other goods. In the increasingly competitive market place today, it is important for companies to create awareness on the products in time so as to compete other companies producing related products. Reaching customers in time, allows them to organize for good market strategies that enable the goods to be sold within the shortest time possible. The image that the costumers get when awareness is created to them is very essential in determining whether the product will penetrate the market or not. Keller (2010) argues that with the proliferation of brands and awareness of the goods in the market, the consumers make their purchase decisions depending on the price quoted during advertisement. When the price is too high, the goods are more likely to be bought by people living in high class. On the other hand, when the price quoted is too low, the low economic class will go for the products. For this matter therefore, it is inherent for the companies to quote the price that is friendly and can be managed by everyone. This makes the product to be supplied easily within the shortest time possible. Also, the relationship of the satisfaction of the client and the image of the product is directly proportional. A lot of recent research has been carried in service industries to prove this. Good image of the product to the client makes the product to trend much in the market unlike the product that has bad image. Moreover, although positive impact of brand image on customers’ satisfaction and their loyalty can be testified, the brand image does not only affect the loyalty of the customers but also has an impact on other mediating factors. Most importantly, the channel used to create awareness to the consumers is very essential. Using email and wozap, for example, which many local customers might not be having, exposes the product to have a lesser image to the clients. Only a few people will be reached hence created little awareness. Therefore, it is important to create awareness to customers through a channel that is easily accessed by many clients. Brand Loyalty Brand loyalty presents a well defined bibliography on the subject through various scopes. Loyalty of customers to a particular product depends on various factors. The factors herein are the behavioral approach that the company has towards the clients while creating awareness, the attitudinal approach of the consumers and the multi-domain approach that combines the two. You read "Brand Equity Essay" in category "Essay examples" The manner in which the company approaches the consumers and informs them about the product matters a lot in either them accepting or refusing to buy the product. Here, there is a lot of aspect that should be considered. The choices of words matters a lot, using language that is friendly to the consumers makes the like the product itself. The reaction to the clients enables them to choose whether or not to buy from the company. A company that has friendly language to the consumers portrays a positive behavior as opposed to that company that has no choice of words. Also, good choices of words makes the consumers have a positive attitude and likeness towards the products on advertisement. In this dictum, the company using a positive attitudinal approach is likely to bring more consumers to their attention as opposed to the one that does not care about the attitude. A combination of the two is very paramount for the growth and retention of the customers. In order to have long lasting customers, there should be conversant with the way they are addressed. The business law states that a client is ever right even when wrong, for this reason, they should be treated with a lot of decorum and respect since without them; there is high possibility of goods not going through the market. Building a positive attitude on customers about the products makes them have confidence and trust on the company and the products. The manner in which loyalty to clients was handled has greatly changed. Loyalty is increased through regulation of prices in the market. A fair and friendly price on commodities makes the clients more loyal to the company hence buying more goods. The tendency also states that it is very easy to attain new consumers than to retain the existing ones. This is so because knowing the behavior of new customers may require additional cost and this may affect the company if there is no loyalty. For this reason companies have found it more prudent to increase the value of innovative products and increase the global competition for products too. This makes the clients to remain loyal to the companies. They are retained by ensuring that the products given to them are of high quality as opposed to the competing partners. A lot of studies have been done o increase the brand loyalty based on behavioral definitions. Most importantly, Gounaris and Stathakopoulos (2004) gives explanation on the various types of loyalty depending on the price. No purchase is a case where the customer does no purchase totally since they have to interest on the brand. In covetous loyalty, the consumers are not purchasing yes but they are emotionally tied the products because of the social environment created to them during branding. For the case of inertia loyalty, the consumers have propensity towards the brand. They only buy because they are advertised or any related person has bought. Lastly, premium loyalty, where there is emotional tie and social effect is extremely high and the customers are really motivated to buying the products. It is most important for the companies to convince their customers to have premium loyalty. Perceived Quality It is defined as the judgment that is made by the customer on the services that are provided in an organization Chen and Chang (2013). The judgment made by the client in this case depends on the durability of the product, attention that they are given, the worthiness of the commodity and the safety. The perception that the customers have on the products is very vital for the selling of the commodity in the market. Poor perception leads to low turnout in the market avenue while positive perception makes the goods be sold more. Perceived quality affect the risk in which then customers have towards the product. The quality of the product enable the client to risk in taking it to try using even if he had never tried it before. But when the quality is low, one would not be motivated in using the product. Therefore, the companies that produce quality makes expose clients to a lot of risks since they are curious to know the taste of the products. Another factor that the research gives herein is that trust is also affected by perceived quality Chen and Chang (2013). The results indicate that good quality has positive impact to the clients. When the costumers get the eminence of the products they need, they tend to build a lot of trust on the product and the company producing them. On the other hand, poor production tends to reduce the degree at which the consumers trust the suppliers. This makes lead to clients running away from the services and go to where the services are better. Therefore, investment on green perception increases the level at which the customers perceive the quality of the product and the vice versa. In marketing, customers’ satisfaction is the most important aspect. It occupies a bigger part in observation and theory on the products. Before organizations introduce new products in the market, they have to ask themselves whether the clients will be satisfied with the products or not. If the answer is no then they have to make good approaches to deal with it. Dealing with it means making good quality that will appeal to the eyes of the costumers. Satisfaction differs from customer to customer. What satisfy one client may not be the same as what makes the other client happy. Satisfaction depends on fashion, texture, price among many other factors. Therefore, the organization should try at all cost to create satisfaction to the clients despite the factors. The quality of the product that satisfy customer should include different features as well as enhancing good performance of the product. It should be liked by many clients as far as satisfaction of their needs is concerned. The research also point out that perceived quality also depends on both intrinsic and extrinsic cues. In this case, the physical quality of the products gives the customers to have more expectation of similar goods next time. Therefore, managers should be more vibrant in and interested in implementing the cues that increase the brand equity. On a similar note, they should also make necessary marketing and appropriate actions that enable these cues arrived at and implement them accordingly. Brand Association Brand association is nodes of information that has the real meaning of brands within the mind of the customer. Any thought that is linked to the mind of the customer about the brand is termed as brand association. Most of the marketers use brand association to help in creating good position of the products to be bought by the customer. They enact psychological preparation to the clients to enable them acquire the products. Consumers on the other hand, use the brand association in making decision whether to acquire goods or not. For long, scholars have had varied opinions on the manner in which brand association should be categorized because there are several aspects that constitute to brand association. Because of this, there are three categories of brand association, attitude, attribute and the attitude. Keller (2013) divides attributes into two, product and non-product categories. Products related are the ingredients that are very vital for the production of quality goods and services and they are mainly sought by the consumers. Contrary to this, the non-product attributes consist of the outer aspects of the products like the price and usage. These factors are determined by the company and through them; the customers can either be attracted or distracted from obtaining goods and services. Attitude in this case refers to the behavior that the customers develop on the products after usage. Once they start using the goods and services, they are at a position of evaluating whether the products are impressing or not. The impression made on first experience carries the rest of the days. In addition, benefits are the special values that one gets by using the products. The client can get the benefit through the product`s functionality in the body, through experiential, where he feels the usage of the product. Good use of products enables the clients to like the goods and develop the intrinsic urge to use them always. It is also important to note the symbolic benefit which is extrinsic. It refers to the external benefits associated with the buying of goods and services. They include the after sale services like delivery, social status, prestige, and augmentation made on the product. These factors attract clients by a great margin. Cheng-Hsui Chen (2001) points out that accompany that employ the principle are more like to excel as opposed to the company which does not. The empirical study states that brand association is very important since it helps in examining on the brand equity (Fayrene Lee, 2011). Brand equity can contribute to a positive impact to organization because it increases the customers’` ability and willingness to buy goods and services. Because of this reason, it stands a great motive of having a favorable association beside the consumers as the main objective in realizing high output. How to cite Brand Equity Essay, Essays

Adolescence and Teenagers free essay sample

Teenagers spending time at night It is a common phenomenon seeing teenagers hanging out at night in big cities. Places which teenagers like to hang out are shopping malls, computer games centers and sometimes, roadsides. These places have become teenagers’ favourite places because they can meet other teenagers to socialize. Teenagers start congregate at these places since evening and some of them even stay out late loitering aimlessly. Many adults feel that it is risky to allow teenagers to loiter at night. However, some parents think that it is just a phase in life which adolescence feel that they need to mix around with their peer group. These parents tend to give too much freedom to their teenage children because they think that they should not deprive of their children’s freedom to mingle with friends. Nevertheless, not every parent agrees that teenagers should be allowed to go out at night too often. We will write a custom essay sample on Adolescence and Teenagers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These parents are obviously concerned that when their teenage children spend time out of the house too frequent at night, their children will spend only little time at home with their own family members. When two parents are working, the only time which is available for quality family time is at night. Parents are also worried who their teenage children’s companions are and what influence their children will get from their companions. In addition, parents are also concerned about the food their children consume. It is definitely unhealthy for teenagers to spend their time at fast food outlets which serve high greasy and sugar-contained food. Overeating at night could result in obesity and diabetic. Besides, undesirable and inconsiderate habit of wasting the parents’ hard earned money will be developed.

Honors Biology Midterm Exam Answer Packet free essay sample

If a solute cannot pass through a membrane to reach |Solvent (water) | |equilibrium, the ____________ will move in whatever | | |direction is necessary to create an equal | | |concentration of solutes on both sides of the | | |membrane. | |Photosynthesis | | |What are two other names for the light independent |Calvin Cycle, Carbon Fixation | |reactions of photosynthesis? | | |Specifically where do those reactions occur within |Stroma of the chloroplast | |plant cells? | | |What product of photosynthesis is easily observable |Oxygen gas | |with the naked eye? | |Referring to the previous question, what part of |The light dependent reactions | |photosynthesis makes that product? | | |As a result of photosynthesis, energy from the sun is|Chemical bonds of glucose | |transferred to/stored in ____________ | | |Colors that we see represent wavelengths of light |reflected | |that are (absorbed / reflected) by the object. | |The two products of the light reactions that are |ATP and NADPH | | needed in the dark reactions are: | | |In the light reactions, prior to chemiosmosis, |Stroma into the thylakoid | |hydrogen ions are pumped from the _____ to the _____ | | |Some plants use alternate pathways during |The light independent reactions, Calvin cycle, carbon fixation | |photosynthesis. We will write a custom essay sample on Honors Biology Midterm Exam Answer Packet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What part of photosynthesis involves | | |these alternate pathways? | | |As electrons pass down the ETC in Photosystem II, the|Photosystem I | |final electron acceptor is a molecule in ___ | |

Sir Gawain And The Green Knight Essays (293 words) -

Sir Gawain And The Green Knight Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a masterful early-English romance. Including both the fantastic (i.e. the green knight), tradition (i.e. Arthur's court) and adultery, the story touches upon important parts of entertainment, even today. The constant alliteration was key in creating such an enjouable piece of literature. I also enjoyed the daring, detailed decriptions such as those from line 130 to 150, on the stature of the Green Knight. Although the vocabulary was somewhat difficult, I enjoyed it, as I am one of many students who needs to improve my vocabulary. Symbolism ran rampant through the story, as well. I enjoyed the use of the color green, most. The Green Knight was obviously evil and abundantly green. Since green was also used to describe the Spring season and life, I believe that the abundance of it is just like the evil of overindulgence in life at that time. The abundance of green could have also been a reference to knowledge (i.e. the Tree of Knowledge n the Garden of Eden), and therefore a hint at the central message of the story: the lack of self or personal thought. The abundant references to religion emphasized the theme, as well. Each religious word was directed at the notion that a person's place in the world or community was predetermined; introspection was not allowed or needed. The only thoughts necessary were those of obedience to God, King and country. Gawain's personal introspection about the value of his own life over his knightly duties (or honor) suggested that, for the first time, these ideas of self were coming into play. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight was a wonderful story, and I enjoyed it thoroghly. English Essays

Catal Huyuk Essays

Catal Huyuk Essays Catal Huyuk Paper Catal Huyuk Paper Although not entirely perfect, pottery dating over 7,000 years old was found with little to no weathering, and the designs still Intact. Due to the simple fact that Octal Yuk Is the only Neolithic site found on record, It Is difficult to Judge whether or not such architecture was typical of this period or not. Although Paleolithic and Neolithic tribes were thought to be primarily nomadic, it is not impossible (as demonstrated by Octal Yuk) for them to settle, especially with the development of domesticated animals. Octal Yuk is an entirely geometric architectural creation. The inhabitants lived in single-story buildings clustered around shared courtyards, used as garbage Octal Yuk was designed without the implementation of roads or plazas of any kind; however, it was simply unnecessary. The buildings were designed in a way that residents of Octal Yuk could traverse rooftops to get to other homes. Their protection relied on continuous, unbroken exterior walls, which made it easy to One difficulty the people of Octal Yuk may have encountered was lighting the interiors of their homes. Although fire was a means of illumination, the most effective daytime light source, the sun, would, more often than not, be unable to provide adequate lighting in the buildings. This is due, in part, to the limited construction of windows in the sides of homes. Furthermore, the windows that did exist could have been blocked by other buildings surrounding them. Apparently, the people of Octal Yuk lived fairly simple lives there was a significant absence of social class, so much that in the excavation of Octal Yuk nearly all the homes appeared to have the same features, and there were absolutely no exceptions. Men and women also ere thought to be fairly equal in terms of their roles In society and In the village. In many aspects the people of Octal Yuk were far more advanced than was typical of the Neolithic period.

Macro Economics-- Redbox Price Hike Could Dodge Netflix Outrage Essay

Macro Economics-- Redbox Price Hike Could Dodge Netflix Outrage - Essay Example Because the price has increased, it is reasonable to expect that the quantity demanded will decrease. This is because the market demand will adjust to the increased prices by not purchasing the same amount of DVDs as before. However, if demand is high enough, then quantity will remain relatively the same. This is because a competitor, Netflix, raised its prices by even more—60%. Even though consumers may not like the price hike, they may have no other option but to continue using Redbox’s services. I think that Redbox is doing the right thing by raising their prices because they need to make a profit. Because operating costs have risen, it is only natural to pass on that increase to customers. Redbox needs to be aware that its customer base may fall due to this announcement. If so, Redbox needs to decrease its prices marginally so that market equilibrium can be

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 44

Leadership - Essay Example Innovation is the hallmark for success in today’s dynamic world and therefore, healthcare professional must exhibit innovative ways and means to develop better ways of patient care in modern times. Innovative ideas of patient care leads to faster patient recovery enabling early discharge resulting into a significant savings to patient, insurance provider and nation (Reflections on Nursing Leadership, 2013). With the Affordable Care Act of 2010 in force, nurses will also be taking on leadership roles in healthcare services (Reflections on Nursing Leadership, 2013). In the current world, timely and clear communication with colleagues, superiors, patients, and their family members is utmost necessary to enhance the patient outcomes. Effective and clear communication is one of the most essential requirements for any healthcare professional in the success of organization. Collaborative approach through team work can bring miraculous results. In this process, mutual cooperation is must among all team members because tasks can be accomplished smoothly and successfully through exchange of ideas and collaborative attitude among team members (Gokenbach,

Lean Principles in Construction

Lean Principles in Construction Executive Summary Toyota is a name that when seen brings an image of high quality, durability, cost/fuel efficient and best value for money in the car industry. The reason for such a high standard is that Toyota Production System has Pioneered and Implemented Lean Principles in Production system. These principles didnt have the effect immediately in the start but at the last stages, it proved to have a greater worth for it. By implementation of Lean Theories and Philosophy, Toyota had got rid of much wasteful activities using Just In Time approach. The understudy report consists of the Implementation of Lean Principles on a Construction Project which was significantly delayed due to lack of managerial qualities. The Client built a new Head office to shift all the activities from the previous offices in to the new one, but a delay to all activities was observed. It has been analyzed that the construction companies fail to give proper time to the initial Pre-Design and Design Phases and are more reluctant towards starting their construction. The current method of working of the company is mapped and explained with the possible issues and problems are being enlisted. The Design Build approach of Procurement was appraised and further improvements have been suggested. The second part of the report consists of the major and applicable Lean Principles and how they can be implemented in Construction Projects. This not only reduces the wasteful activities but also prove to be cost efficient as mapped. Lastly some merits of Lean Implementation on the construction project have been enlisted and conclusions are drawn. NEW HEAD OFFICE OF COMMERCIAL BANK OF KUWAIT (CBK) Introduction The Commercial Bank of Kuwait is a well known Bank in Kuwait having its roots back in 1960s. It began with a simple minded policy from just a small part of the property with the aim to handle the financial burden on the main bank of Kuwait; the National Bank of Kuwait. Being an old player in the country, the CBK decided to shift its old head office to the new location as the old building had many issues like less working space creating hurdles in modernizing the banking facilities. The old office was in the region of Maidan Hawally which is considerably famous for foreigners living in the region. The new head office of CBK is in the Centre of Kuwait i.e. Kuwait City which is the economic hub of overall State of Kuwait. In this project, Commercial Bank of Kuwait was the main funding source. The Project began in January 2007 and the construction of the Bank lasted till March 2009. Although the project was expected to be completed by June 2008 whereas only the construction phase had jus t finished till March 2009 and the final building being handed over by September 2009. The study of the project indicated that the Project was not only delayed yet was significantly over budgeted. The Project was approximately 30 % over budget and 15 months delayed. Moreover not only these issues affected the project but too many changes by the client were also a reason for the delay. The delay in the completion of the CBK Project was due to two reasons. One being that the Chief Executive Officer of the CBK resigned due to some personal issues with Managing Director of the Bank and the other reason was due to the Financial Crunch throughout the globe. These two reasons caused changes in the project after a long halt to the construction till the new CEO was assigned as the requirements of the project were altered accordingly. Therefore only one person cannot be held responsible for the overall delay caused in the CBK Project. According to Tucker (1998), a high level of management in Construction is very much essential for smooth flow of project. Thus it can be said that there were flaws in the design phase of the project and the lack of good management resulted in overall failed on-time delivery of the project. The Procurement method of the project was Design Build keeping in view the needs and outcomes of the project. The Client (CBK itself) had future plans for further development which all seemed to be left in vain of further initiation due to such a mess created. There fore the Client took keen interest to map the overall processes of the project in order to learn the flaws that delayed the Project so as to further smoothen up its activities. Working Philosophy in the CBK Project Being appointed as an Assistant Project Manager by the Client (Commercial Bank of Kuwait), the task allocated was to analyze the overall performance of the CBK Headquarters project and prepare a report to learn the flaws and outcomes of the project. Such an exercise was done in order to generate preventive measures so that future projects may not be delayed much. The report consists of a comprehensive analysis of methodology used for the Development of Headquarter of CBK and the maximum emphasize is given to the changes in the design i.e. the overall management of the design. The first step taken into consideration is the feasibility report or the outline of the project which is the first process in a project. A detailed approach in investigation is taken therefore, the Contractor (Ahmadiah Contracting-Kuwait), the team of Client (CBK), stakeholders and other parties involved in the project were consulted. All the processes are shown are Appendix 1. Method of Procurement The method of procurement in this project was Design and Build. It is very much necessary to understand what this approach is by analyzing the method. From the clients point of view, the success of the project is nearly decided by choosing appropriate method of procurement in the beginning. The common layout of the system can be seen in the figure below. Fig.2 indicates that this system is very much suited for clients who typically pass their risk to the contractor and a close coordination is developed between the design and the contractor team. This enables to synchronize the time, cost and quality of the project in the true sense of good project management perspective. As the cost is pretty much decided in the beginning, the client is confident that all the further process is smoothen up. But the point to be concerned is that all teams should have proper knowledge of design and build approach. Mostly clients which have Design Build approach new into their project end up with the sentence that the contractor has made a lot of money out of this project. This can be true only if the client finds that the things mentioned in the proposal are not same as they should have been. According to Morledge et.al (2006), client should be in notice that: * Design and Build method may change the formal aspect of most of the parties involved throughout the project. * The contractual accountability of the involved parties can change according to the environment and need of the project. Therefore according to Morledge et.al (2006), the client should study the procurement route to be selected from the technical, financial and legal angle, well in advance before the commencement of the bidding stage. By this not only the client but also the other stakeholders involved in the project can proceed safely which having loose much money. From the explained context it can be seen that before initiating any step into the start of the project, if the client spends some time in understanding the possible pros and cons of the selection of procurement method, much discrepancies can be tackled easily. Moreover, the early involvement of the clients design team can lend a helping hand to the client in correct decision making. This type of activity seems to be very scarce in the CBK Project. Processes of CBK Project The working of the CBK Project can be seen in the form of a process map with each activity corresponding to a task. It can be seen that the working standard of the overall project is in the form of a three phase Design Build method. The three phases can be as: a. Pre-Tender Phase b. Tendering Phase c. Implementation Phase The three phases of the project are mapped as processes and sub processes and the roles of different parties involved in the overall project are elaborated (Appendix -1). This exercise enables to understand the whole process easily. Detailed Analysis of Processes The main processes of the New Headquarters of Commercial Bank of Kuwait are discussed as follows:  § Concept of the Project The Chief Executive of Commercial Bank of Kuwait had a vision towards modernization in the country and the Bank it self. Therefore in order to compete the competitive banks in Kuwait the decision was taken to develop a state of the art building which will serve as an headquarter and economic backbone for the organization. Modernization was in the sense that latest high performance computers with ultra high-tech security were to be operated in the building.  § Financial Issues The Commercial Bank of Kuwait being the client as well as the funding authority finalized the concept of the project in order to have a brief overview of required budget of the project. For this, closed group meetings and seminars were arranged in order to clear any queries in the mind of the staff of the bank.  § Planning Phase The top management of the Commercial Bank of Kuwait was keen to modernize its new headquarters. For this to happen, special sessions were arranged in collaboration with Ministry of Planning, Kuwait and State Bank of Kuwait. International Banks like Barclays and HSBC were taken as role model and one model being finalized for the future development. This was a good step as to bring Western standards into an Arab Country.  § Consultant Team The consultant team (Al-Injaz Architects and Engineers) selected by the client was through competition and the team selected was an experienced one in modern construction.  § Feasibility Report A feasibility report was made in order to study the potential outcomes of the project and what could be the difficulties faced by the teams.  § Integrating Clients Objective The Consultant team enlisted the requirements of the client and steps were taken to meet the clients goals. Mainly the clients focus was a state of the art modern building and the whole project to be finished quickly without compromising Quality Standards. Therefore quality standards were also a must for the client. Through critical analysis of the data, the consultant team came out with the Design Build approach of procurement.  § Design Phase The consultant team started their work in the perspective of Design Build approach so that the tendering process can take place on time. Initial plan setup, architectural designs along with structural designs, cost estimation; all were done right on time.  § Project Documents The Projects brief long with all the details of the project including deadline of the project, estimated cost, drawings and plan etc are documented.  § Document Review The first document review meeting was held in which the top management of the CBK took part. All the project documents were critically analyzed and the Chief Executive and Chairman of Commercial Bank of Kuwait were briefed by the Project Manager about the findings of the report. It was decided that the design of the bank was little more luxurious as per the standard set and was exceeding the budget. So minor changes were made and final documents were setup.  § Tendering Process After finalizing the Project documents, pre-qualification of contractors was done and tenders were called for the development of New Headquarters of Commercial Bank of Kuwait. This was done by the Bidding Committee assigned by the Client which was in close contact with the client during the tendering process.  § Bidding Documents Confidential bidding documents were received before the deadline and handed over to the client.  § Bid Evaluation The client selected the contractor with the lowest bid and consulted the consultant team and the project management team in order to approve the bid. Upon the approval from the teams, the client approved the Contractor (Ahmadiah Contracting, Kuwait) and informed the bidding committee.  § Contract Sign The Bidding Committee arranged a contract signing session in which the contract was signed between the two parties. It was assured that the detailed design would start immediately and the project would be finished on time and in budget.  § Initial Design The design team of the Contractor (Ahmadiah) started the initial design of the development of New Headquarters of Commercial Bank of Kuwait. The consultant team and the project manager of the client were also involved in this phase and regular meetings with the client were taking place. During this phase proper site survey and investigation was done and the design aspects were altered accordingly.  § Interior Design The interior designing of the CBK was given much more importance in order to meet the quality standards set by the client. The other reason was to meet the maximum security levels of the requirements of the project.  § Provision for restaurant In order to serve the employees of the CBK, it was mentioned in the objectives of the client to provide the catering service to the staff so that at lunch time, the staff can enjoy the atmosphere and have a chat and meeting at the same time along with lunch.  § Design Proposal After finalizing the initial design of the CBK, a design proposal was prepared along with the time and cost estimates for approval from the Client.  § Final Review The client, consultant team and the project manager set up a meeting in order to critically analyze the proposal and upon approval from the client, the contractor proceeds further.  § Final Design Plan Layout Once the proposal was finalized, the design team of the contractor started to work on the detailed and comprehensive design of the project. The HVAC, electrical works, the building services including CCTV arrangements, the infrastructure of the building, all were done according to the sub-contractors co-ordination. The final layout of what is to be developed appeared on drawing charts and Auto-Cad drawing were prepared. The Step wise proceedings of the design phase of the CBK project starting from the Clients input and ending at the Contractors output can be seen in the Fig.3.  § Final Agreement With slight alterations in design and requirement by the client, the contract was review and the construction phase was to be started.  § Construction Phase The first step of the construction phase was the site acquisition, construction of temporary offices for the staff as well as design team. For this to happen the sub-contractors were put on job and the heavy construction machinery was brought on site.  § Final Drawings Implemented on Site With the start of working on the construction site, the first step was to excavate the area to be constructed upon. The construction phase started to be as smooth as predicted.  § Time Quality Checks The project manager of the client (CBK) had frequent visits to the site which resulted in strict control over the time and quality issues. A few incidents took place in which the contractor was not up to the mark as stated in the detailed drawing specifications. For instance, the project manager managed to have a look at the steel standards adopted and found that in the beams, low quality steel was used and was further sent for testing in the laboratory. The overall view of the working of the teams in the CBK Project can be seen in Fig.3.  § Documentation and Review A very important aspect of the CBK project was that every thing was documented and latest computer software such as Primavera was used on the site. The Clients project manager had an access to it. Some clashes went up due to delay in the project beyond the critical path which was referred to the client. Possible Issues with the Current Method of Working Different types of issues arose during the project life cycle that lead to certain unexpected failures during the project. Following table enlists the main issues: The above mentioned issues were found to have a significant impact on the working of the CBK project. The need of the future and to be successful in the field of construction is by analyzing the short comings of previously done processes. To enhance the working and construction processes by the client in the future, the forth coming recommendations in the form of Lean perspective in construction have been defined. All the working can be seen in Appendix -1. ENHANCED WAY OF HANDLING COMMERCIAL BANK OF KUWAIT PROJECT Introduction to Lean According to Egan (1998) and Latham (1994), the construction industry has changed significantly in the past decade, especially the UKs construction industry. Much emphasis is now given to improve the construction industry by analysis the working methodology of the industry. By analyzing, one can rectify the short comings and further improve that to make a win-win situation. According to Koskela (1997), construction industry cannot be a regarded as a â€Å"rich cultured† industry, because the way of doing work, the procedures and outcomes are nearly same as they were years ago. To improve this, the construction industry had to be linked with production and manufacturing industry. The reason is that although the end product of both the industries is entirely different, yet if the working principles of both industries are studied, they can be regarded as identical. According to Egbu (2010) and Towill (1997), construction industry can be regarded as a manufacturing industry. If we look at the production or manufacturing industry, for instance a car industry, the end product is a car, which was the project of the factory (Muhlemann et al., 1992). In construction industry, the end product is a building, house, a dam etc, which is the project for the construction factory/industry. Taking this, approach, Koskela (2000) introduced Lean principles in construction industrys perspective. He argued that the manufacturing industry has set of production theories which when applied to the construction industry, the results can be significant. When seen the time-line of the car manufacturing industry, for instance, we can see that the car manufacturing has changed drastically over the past century. The reason being that the working principles adopted by production industry has polished itself over time again and again, when such principle be defined and impl emented on construction industry, the end product can be enhanced (Koskela, 1992). Lean thinking is the concept put forward by Womack and Daniel (1996) in which he describes to think every possible aspect in a leaner way. Thus by minimizing single repetitive step can be a step forward towards implementing lean in our daily life. Lean production system was adopted and implemented by Toyota Production System through out its time-line of production activities. Liker (1998) recognizes Toyota as the pioneers of lean principles which have brought a revolution in its production activities for more than a century. This is done by proper planning the supply chain activities, minimizing the wasteful activities, etc. By the introduction of 5S technique, Kanban and others, Toyota has flourished significantly in the production industry, whereas, the construction industry is far away from these concepts. Summary of 14 points as set by Toyota Production System and enlisted by Liker (2004), are as follows: 1. Base Your Management Decisions on a Long-Term Philosophy, Even at the Expense of Short-Term Financial Goals. 2. Create Continuous Process Flow to Bring Problems to the Surface. 3. Use â€Å"Pull† System to Avoid Overproduction. 4. Level Out the Workload (Heijunka). 5. Build a Culture of Stopping to Fix Problems, to Get Quality Right for the First Time. 6. Standardizes Tasks are the Foundation for Continuous Improvement and Employee Empowerment. 7. Use Visual Controls so no Problems are Hidden. 8. Use Only Reliable, Thoroughly Tested Technology That Serves your People and Processes. 9. Grow Leaders who Thoroughly Understand the Work, Live the Philosophy, and Take it to Others. 10. Develop Exceptional People and Teams who Follow your Companys Philosophy. 11. Respect Your Extended Network of Partners and Suppliers by Challenging Them and Helping them Improve. 12. Go and See for Yourself to Thoroughly Understand the Situation (Genchi Genbutsu). 13. Make Decisions Slowly by Consensus, Thoroughly Considering All options; Implement Decisions Rapidly (Nemawashi). 14. Become a Learning Organization Through Relentless Reflection (Hansei) and Continuous Improvement (Kaizen). Thus by closely looking and understanding the above mentioned principles, we can judge that how successful a company can be when adopted such principles. By using Kanban, much of the waste can be removed. The fact is to carefully see and analyse the company performance and take out the shortcomings. Integrating Lean with the CBK Project Construction industry is now in a phase of adapting new procedures and methods for its improvement and to increase its efficiency. This can easily be done by integrating lean philosophy in the construction industry (Jorgensen and Emmitt, 2008 2009). Liker (2004) has condensed the above enlisted 14 key principles of Toyota Production System into 4 main categories/sections according to their nature. These are: 1. Long-Term Philosophy 2. Selection of Right Process 3. People and Parners development can lead to value generation 4. Gradually problem solving These 14 points of Toyota Production System are very well condensed in the above mentioned four points. When thinking about construction, Long-term philosophy can very much help in implementation of lean principles. According to Arbulu and Zabelle (2006), to standardize work it is very much necessary to follow a guideline. The five stages vision, skills, incentives, resources and action plan can be idealized according to the CBK Project. Thinking Lean while keeping in view these 5 stages can very well prove to be successful in the project. Vision Defining a vision is the first step towards the start of a project. These not only assist in the further journey, but also remove any questions that may arise in the overall team in the project. This exercise was found to be completely during the construction of New Head office of Central Bank of Kuwait Project because everything was mixed and jumbled up during the last stages of the project. Defining a vision thus give a road map towards success and the vision is usually giving for the next couple of years, which elaborates the broad thing of the company in front of others. Only thing that matters is the top management team to be strong to take decisions which lacked through out the CBK Project. Skills Skills come first after a vision is set. In fact a vision cannot be defined without the proper knowledge of the skills that a company possesses. In order to be successful in implementation of Lean in the construction industry, the company has to design or upgrade its staff development program. Thus skills very much distinguishes between the current adopted working methodology with the new working method i.e.; Lean. Furthermore, proper knowledge of the companies profile is also very beneficial in perusing successful projects. Although the staff of the CBK Project is very much skilled yet some lack in understanding of basics in construction industry is found, for instance the top management dealing first time with the Design Build procurement method. Incentive Incentives are good in the sense that they keep the workers at work motivated. The incentives can be in the form of money or by applauding someones good work, this make the worker feel happing. To implement lean into the construction industry is something to make a great change into the system, thus by introducing incentives can encourage workers at work and be happy to work and accept the change. Resources Resources can be regarded as the backbone of a project. Insufficient resources and funds may load to a halt during a project. In order to smoothen the working and progress of the project, it should be made assure well in advance that there are enough funds to support the working. The financial crunch appeared during the construction of the CBK project which significantly halted the progress of construction activities. Action Plan Like setting up a clear vision right in the start of the project, a good action plan is also equally important as a right action plan sets up guidelines for the project team. Working on the correct action plan, incorporates any unsubstantial changes and alterations in a project. A good action plan cannot be seen in the CBK project which lead to some unwanted results in the last stages of the project. Improvement by Implementation of Lean Principles The 14 principles of Lean Production system used by Toyota Production System and stated by Liker (2004) are being implemented into the CBK Project which gives a more Leaner and good value of money look to the project. Not only the cost of the overall project is properly utilized but also it is a quicker approach Womack and Daniel (2005). The enlisted problems in the CBK Project (as stated in the start) can be resolved using the Lean Principles. Following are the Lean principles directly implemented to the improvement of CBK Project. 1. Long-Term Philosophy The long term philosophy in the context of lean can be explained as: I. Base Your Management Decisions on Long-Term Philosophy Long term philosophy gives a plate form for an organization to initialize the start of future prospects. Long term approaches are usually declared in the form of upcoming 5, 10, 15 or 20 years in which it is clearly briefed about the future plans of the organization. Commercial Bank of Kuwait should introduce this approach right from the start of future projects. This will enhance the managerial skills of the organization and an approach to solve all the problems will be upgraded (Carroll, 2002) and hence shown in Fig.4 after application. 2. Process Improvement The process improvement section of the Lean principles consists of following aspects: II. Create Continuous Process Flow to Bring Problems to the Surface This principle of Lean suggests that the working criteria of the company should be such that it is running smoothly, fast and in an accurate manner. In this way any problem that arises during the process, may be handled quite easily. This principle can be implemented in the design and the planning phase as it removes many problems which are caused by starting different activities at same time. Such exercise was completely missing in the CBK Project. Multiple tasks were started at the same time, which lead to misunderstandings in the project. Smooth flow of work was least found and by implementing this technique the smooth flow of work can be seen. III. Use â€Å"Pull† System Pull system helps to reduce the un-necessary work that is done during the project. The use of pull system can be used in the pre-project and pre-construction phases during the design phases as this will help to control the time lapsed between the completion of the drawings and the designing. Un-necessary meetings and suggestions were found during the execution of the Pre-Tender phase whose burden, the overall project planning had to face. By introducing Pull system, much waste full activities can be overcome. IV. Level out the Workload The workers at work shouldnt be overburdened at any time of the project. This not only applies to the Labor but also to the Design Team. When it comes to the labor, it should be taken care off that every labor has equal work allocated to him and work load should be calculated according to the time available. Similarly the Design team should be Lean Principles in Construction Lean Principles in Construction Executive Summary Toyota is a name that when seen brings an image of high quality, durability, cost/fuel efficient and best value for money in the car industry. The reason for such a high standard is that Toyota Production System has Pioneered and Implemented Lean Principles in Production system. These principles didnt have the effect immediately in the start but at the last stages, it proved to have a greater worth for it. By implementation of Lean Theories and Philosophy, Toyota had got rid of much wasteful activities using Just In Time approach. The understudy report consists of the Implementation of Lean Principles on a Construction Project which was significantly delayed due to lack of managerial qualities. The Client built a new Head office to shift all the activities from the previous offices in to the new one, but a delay to all activities was observed. It has been analyzed that the construction companies fail to give proper time to the initial Pre-Design and Design Phases and are more reluctant towards starting their construction. The current method of working of the company is mapped and explained with the possible issues and problems are being enlisted. The Design Build approach of Procurement was appraised and further improvements have been suggested. The second part of the report consists of the major and applicable Lean Principles and how they can be implemented in Construction Projects. This not only reduces the wasteful activities but also prove to be cost efficient as mapped. Lastly some merits of Lean Implementation on the construction project have been enlisted and conclusions are drawn. NEW HEAD OFFICE OF COMMERCIAL BANK OF KUWAIT (CBK) Introduction The Commercial Bank of Kuwait is a well known Bank in Kuwait having its roots back in 1960s. It began with a simple minded policy from just a small part of the property with the aim to handle the financial burden on the main bank of Kuwait; the National Bank of Kuwait. Being an old player in the country, the CBK decided to shift its old head office to the new location as the old building had many issues like less working space creating hurdles in modernizing the banking facilities. The old office was in the region of Maidan Hawally which is considerably famous for foreigners living in the region. The new head office of CBK is in the Centre of Kuwait i.e. Kuwait City which is the economic hub of overall State of Kuwait. In this project, Commercial Bank of Kuwait was the main funding source. The Project began in January 2007 and the construction of the Bank lasted till March 2009. Although the project was expected to be completed by June 2008 whereas only the construction phase had jus t finished till March 2009 and the final building being handed over by September 2009. The study of the project indicated that the Project was not only delayed yet was significantly over budgeted. The Project was approximately 30 % over budget and 15 months delayed. Moreover not only these issues affected the project but too many changes by the client were also a reason for the delay. The delay in the completion of the CBK Project was due to two reasons. One being that the Chief Executive Officer of the CBK resigned due to some personal issues with Managing Director of the Bank and the other reason was due to the Financial Crunch throughout the globe. These two reasons caused changes in the project after a long halt to the construction till the new CEO was assigned as the requirements of the project were altered accordingly. Therefore only one person cannot be held responsible for the overall delay caused in the CBK Project. According to Tucker (1998), a high level of management in Construction is very much essential for smooth flow of project. Thus it can be said that there were flaws in the design phase of the project and the lack of good management resulted in overall failed on-time delivery of the project. The Procurement method of the project was Design Build keeping in view the needs and outcomes of the project. The Client (CBK itself) had future plans for further development which all seemed to be left in vain of further initiation due to such a mess created. There fore the Client took keen interest to map the overall processes of the project in order to learn the flaws that delayed the Project so as to further smoothen up its activities. Working Philosophy in the CBK Project Being appointed as an Assistant Project Manager by the Client (Commercial Bank of Kuwait), the task allocated was to analyze the overall performance of the CBK Headquarters project and prepare a report to learn the flaws and outcomes of the project. Such an exercise was done in order to generate preventive measures so that future projects may not be delayed much. The report consists of a comprehensive analysis of methodology used for the Development of Headquarter of CBK and the maximum emphasize is given to the changes in the design i.e. the overall management of the design. The first step taken into consideration is the feasibility report or the outline of the project which is the first process in a project. A detailed approach in investigation is taken therefore, the Contractor (Ahmadiah Contracting-Kuwait), the team of Client (CBK), stakeholders and other parties involved in the project were consulted. All the processes are shown are Appendix 1. Method of Procurement The method of procurement in this project was Design and Build. It is very much necessary to understand what this approach is by analyzing the method. From the clients point of view, the success of the project is nearly decided by choosing appropriate method of procurement in the beginning. The common layout of the system can be seen in the figure below. Fig.2 indicates that this system is very much suited for clients who typically pass their risk to the contractor and a close coordination is developed between the design and the contractor team. This enables to synchronize the time, cost and quality of the project in the true sense of good project management perspective. As the cost is pretty much decided in the beginning, the client is confident that all the further process is smoothen up. But the point to be concerned is that all teams should have proper knowledge of design and build approach. Mostly clients which have Design Build approach new into their project end up with the sentence that the contractor has made a lot of money out of this project. This can be true only if the client finds that the things mentioned in the proposal are not same as they should have been. According to Morledge et.al (2006), client should be in notice that: * Design and Build method may change the formal aspect of most of the parties involved throughout the project. * The contractual accountability of the involved parties can change according to the environment and need of the project. Therefore according to Morledge et.al (2006), the client should study the procurement route to be selected from the technical, financial and legal angle, well in advance before the commencement of the bidding stage. By this not only the client but also the other stakeholders involved in the project can proceed safely which having loose much money. From the explained context it can be seen that before initiating any step into the start of the project, if the client spends some time in understanding the possible pros and cons of the selection of procurement method, much discrepancies can be tackled easily. Moreover, the early involvement of the clients design team can lend a helping hand to the client in correct decision making. This type of activity seems to be very scarce in the CBK Project. Processes of CBK Project The working of the CBK Project can be seen in the form of a process map with each activity corresponding to a task. It can be seen that the working standard of the overall project is in the form of a three phase Design Build method. The three phases can be as: a. Pre-Tender Phase b. Tendering Phase c. Implementation Phase The three phases of the project are mapped as processes and sub processes and the roles of different parties involved in the overall project are elaborated (Appendix -1). This exercise enables to understand the whole process easily. Detailed Analysis of Processes The main processes of the New Headquarters of Commercial Bank of Kuwait are discussed as follows:  § Concept of the Project The Chief Executive of Commercial Bank of Kuwait had a vision towards modernization in the country and the Bank it self. Therefore in order to compete the competitive banks in Kuwait the decision was taken to develop a state of the art building which will serve as an headquarter and economic backbone for the organization. Modernization was in the sense that latest high performance computers with ultra high-tech security were to be operated in the building.  § Financial Issues The Commercial Bank of Kuwait being the client as well as the funding authority finalized the concept of the project in order to have a brief overview of required budget of the project. For this, closed group meetings and seminars were arranged in order to clear any queries in the mind of the staff of the bank.  § Planning Phase The top management of the Commercial Bank of Kuwait was keen to modernize its new headquarters. For this to happen, special sessions were arranged in collaboration with Ministry of Planning, Kuwait and State Bank of Kuwait. International Banks like Barclays and HSBC were taken as role model and one model being finalized for the future development. This was a good step as to bring Western standards into an Arab Country.  § Consultant Team The consultant team (Al-Injaz Architects and Engineers) selected by the client was through competition and the team selected was an experienced one in modern construction.  § Feasibility Report A feasibility report was made in order to study the potential outcomes of the project and what could be the difficulties faced by the teams.  § Integrating Clients Objective The Consultant team enlisted the requirements of the client and steps were taken to meet the clients goals. Mainly the clients focus was a state of the art modern building and the whole project to be finished quickly without compromising Quality Standards. Therefore quality standards were also a must for the client. Through critical analysis of the data, the consultant team came out with the Design Build approach of procurement.  § Design Phase The consultant team started their work in the perspective of Design Build approach so that the tendering process can take place on time. Initial plan setup, architectural designs along with structural designs, cost estimation; all were done right on time.  § Project Documents The Projects brief long with all the details of the project including deadline of the project, estimated cost, drawings and plan etc are documented.  § Document Review The first document review meeting was held in which the top management of the CBK took part. All the project documents were critically analyzed and the Chief Executive and Chairman of Commercial Bank of Kuwait were briefed by the Project Manager about the findings of the report. It was decided that the design of the bank was little more luxurious as per the standard set and was exceeding the budget. So minor changes were made and final documents were setup.  § Tendering Process After finalizing the Project documents, pre-qualification of contractors was done and tenders were called for the development of New Headquarters of Commercial Bank of Kuwait. This was done by the Bidding Committee assigned by the Client which was in close contact with the client during the tendering process.  § Bidding Documents Confidential bidding documents were received before the deadline and handed over to the client.  § Bid Evaluation The client selected the contractor with the lowest bid and consulted the consultant team and the project management team in order to approve the bid. Upon the approval from the teams, the client approved the Contractor (Ahmadiah Contracting, Kuwait) and informed the bidding committee.  § Contract Sign The Bidding Committee arranged a contract signing session in which the contract was signed between the two parties. It was assured that the detailed design would start immediately and the project would be finished on time and in budget.  § Initial Design The design team of the Contractor (Ahmadiah) started the initial design of the development of New Headquarters of Commercial Bank of Kuwait. The consultant team and the project manager of the client were also involved in this phase and regular meetings with the client were taking place. During this phase proper site survey and investigation was done and the design aspects were altered accordingly.  § Interior Design The interior designing of the CBK was given much more importance in order to meet the quality standards set by the client. The other reason was to meet the maximum security levels of the requirements of the project.  § Provision for restaurant In order to serve the employees of the CBK, it was mentioned in the objectives of the client to provide the catering service to the staff so that at lunch time, the staff can enjoy the atmosphere and have a chat and meeting at the same time along with lunch.  § Design Proposal After finalizing the initial design of the CBK, a design proposal was prepared along with the time and cost estimates for approval from the Client.  § Final Review The client, consultant team and the project manager set up a meeting in order to critically analyze the proposal and upon approval from the client, the contractor proceeds further.  § Final Design Plan Layout Once the proposal was finalized, the design team of the contractor started to work on the detailed and comprehensive design of the project. The HVAC, electrical works, the building services including CCTV arrangements, the infrastructure of the building, all were done according to the sub-contractors co-ordination. The final layout of what is to be developed appeared on drawing charts and Auto-Cad drawing were prepared. The Step wise proceedings of the design phase of the CBK project starting from the Clients input and ending at the Contractors output can be seen in the Fig.3.  § Final Agreement With slight alterations in design and requirement by the client, the contract was review and the construction phase was to be started.  § Construction Phase The first step of the construction phase was the site acquisition, construction of temporary offices for the staff as well as design team. For this to happen the sub-contractors were put on job and the heavy construction machinery was brought on site.  § Final Drawings Implemented on Site With the start of working on the construction site, the first step was to excavate the area to be constructed upon. The construction phase started to be as smooth as predicted.  § Time Quality Checks The project manager of the client (CBK) had frequent visits to the site which resulted in strict control over the time and quality issues. A few incidents took place in which the contractor was not up to the mark as stated in the detailed drawing specifications. For instance, the project manager managed to have a look at the steel standards adopted and found that in the beams, low quality steel was used and was further sent for testing in the laboratory. The overall view of the working of the teams in the CBK Project can be seen in Fig.3.  § Documentation and Review A very important aspect of the CBK project was that every thing was documented and latest computer software such as Primavera was used on the site. The Clients project manager had an access to it. Some clashes went up due to delay in the project beyond the critical path which was referred to the client. Possible Issues with the Current Method of Working Different types of issues arose during the project life cycle that lead to certain unexpected failures during the project. Following table enlists the main issues: The above mentioned issues were found to have a significant impact on the working of the CBK project. The need of the future and to be successful in the field of construction is by analyzing the short comings of previously done processes. To enhance the working and construction processes by the client in the future, the forth coming recommendations in the form of Lean perspective in construction have been defined. All the working can be seen in Appendix -1. ENHANCED WAY OF HANDLING COMMERCIAL BANK OF KUWAIT PROJECT Introduction to Lean According to Egan (1998) and Latham (1994), the construction industry has changed significantly in the past decade, especially the UKs construction industry. Much emphasis is now given to improve the construction industry by analysis the working methodology of the industry. By analyzing, one can rectify the short comings and further improve that to make a win-win situation. According to Koskela (1997), construction industry cannot be a regarded as a â€Å"rich cultured† industry, because the way of doing work, the procedures and outcomes are nearly same as they were years ago. To improve this, the construction industry had to be linked with production and manufacturing industry. The reason is that although the end product of both the industries is entirely different, yet if the working principles of both industries are studied, they can be regarded as identical. According to Egbu (2010) and Towill (1997), construction industry can be regarded as a manufacturing industry. If we look at the production or manufacturing industry, for instance a car industry, the end product is a car, which was the project of the factory (Muhlemann et al., 1992). In construction industry, the end product is a building, house, a dam etc, which is the project for the construction factory/industry. Taking this, approach, Koskela (2000) introduced Lean principles in construction industrys perspective. He argued that the manufacturing industry has set of production theories which when applied to the construction industry, the results can be significant. When seen the time-line of the car manufacturing industry, for instance, we can see that the car manufacturing has changed drastically over the past century. The reason being that the working principles adopted by production industry has polished itself over time again and again, when such principle be defined and impl emented on construction industry, the end product can be enhanced (Koskela, 1992). Lean thinking is the concept put forward by Womack and Daniel (1996) in which he describes to think every possible aspect in a leaner way. Thus by minimizing single repetitive step can be a step forward towards implementing lean in our daily life. Lean production system was adopted and implemented by Toyota Production System through out its time-line of production activities. Liker (1998) recognizes Toyota as the pioneers of lean principles which have brought a revolution in its production activities for more than a century. This is done by proper planning the supply chain activities, minimizing the wasteful activities, etc. By the introduction of 5S technique, Kanban and others, Toyota has flourished significantly in the production industry, whereas, the construction industry is far away from these concepts. Summary of 14 points as set by Toyota Production System and enlisted by Liker (2004), are as follows: 1. Base Your Management Decisions on a Long-Term Philosophy, Even at the Expense of Short-Term Financial Goals. 2. Create Continuous Process Flow to Bring Problems to the Surface. 3. Use â€Å"Pull† System to Avoid Overproduction. 4. Level Out the Workload (Heijunka). 5. Build a Culture of Stopping to Fix Problems, to Get Quality Right for the First Time. 6. Standardizes Tasks are the Foundation for Continuous Improvement and Employee Empowerment. 7. Use Visual Controls so no Problems are Hidden. 8. Use Only Reliable, Thoroughly Tested Technology That Serves your People and Processes. 9. Grow Leaders who Thoroughly Understand the Work, Live the Philosophy, and Take it to Others. 10. Develop Exceptional People and Teams who Follow your Companys Philosophy. 11. Respect Your Extended Network of Partners and Suppliers by Challenging Them and Helping them Improve. 12. Go and See for Yourself to Thoroughly Understand the Situation (Genchi Genbutsu). 13. Make Decisions Slowly by Consensus, Thoroughly Considering All options; Implement Decisions Rapidly (Nemawashi). 14. Become a Learning Organization Through Relentless Reflection (Hansei) and Continuous Improvement (Kaizen). Thus by closely looking and understanding the above mentioned principles, we can judge that how successful a company can be when adopted such principles. By using Kanban, much of the waste can be removed. The fact is to carefully see and analyse the company performance and take out the shortcomings. Integrating Lean with the CBK Project Construction industry is now in a phase of adapting new procedures and methods for its improvement and to increase its efficiency. This can easily be done by integrating lean philosophy in the construction industry (Jorgensen and Emmitt, 2008 2009). Liker (2004) has condensed the above enlisted 14 key principles of Toyota Production System into 4 main categories/sections according to their nature. These are: 1. Long-Term Philosophy 2. Selection of Right Process 3. People and Parners development can lead to value generation 4. Gradually problem solving These 14 points of Toyota Production System are very well condensed in the above mentioned four points. When thinking about construction, Long-term philosophy can very much help in implementation of lean principles. According to Arbulu and Zabelle (2006), to standardize work it is very much necessary to follow a guideline. The five stages vision, skills, incentives, resources and action plan can be idealized according to the CBK Project. Thinking Lean while keeping in view these 5 stages can very well prove to be successful in the project. Vision Defining a vision is the first step towards the start of a project. These not only assist in the further journey, but also remove any questions that may arise in the overall team in the project. This exercise was found to be completely during the construction of New Head office of Central Bank of Kuwait Project because everything was mixed and jumbled up during the last stages of the project. Defining a vision thus give a road map towards success and the vision is usually giving for the next couple of years, which elaborates the broad thing of the company in front of others. Only thing that matters is the top management team to be strong to take decisions which lacked through out the CBK Project. Skills Skills come first after a vision is set. In fact a vision cannot be defined without the proper knowledge of the skills that a company possesses. In order to be successful in implementation of Lean in the construction industry, the company has to design or upgrade its staff development program. Thus skills very much distinguishes between the current adopted working methodology with the new working method i.e.; Lean. Furthermore, proper knowledge of the companies profile is also very beneficial in perusing successful projects. Although the staff of the CBK Project is very much skilled yet some lack in understanding of basics in construction industry is found, for instance the top management dealing first time with the Design Build procurement method. Incentive Incentives are good in the sense that they keep the workers at work motivated. The incentives can be in the form of money or by applauding someones good work, this make the worker feel happing. To implement lean into the construction industry is something to make a great change into the system, thus by introducing incentives can encourage workers at work and be happy to work and accept the change. Resources Resources can be regarded as the backbone of a project. Insufficient resources and funds may load to a halt during a project. In order to smoothen the working and progress of the project, it should be made assure well in advance that there are enough funds to support the working. The financial crunch appeared during the construction of the CBK project which significantly halted the progress of construction activities. Action Plan Like setting up a clear vision right in the start of the project, a good action plan is also equally important as a right action plan sets up guidelines for the project team. Working on the correct action plan, incorporates any unsubstantial changes and alterations in a project. A good action plan cannot be seen in the CBK project which lead to some unwanted results in the last stages of the project. Improvement by Implementation of Lean Principles The 14 principles of Lean Production system used by Toyota Production System and stated by Liker (2004) are being implemented into the CBK Project which gives a more Leaner and good value of money look to the project. Not only the cost of the overall project is properly utilized but also it is a quicker approach Womack and Daniel (2005). The enlisted problems in the CBK Project (as stated in the start) can be resolved using the Lean Principles. Following are the Lean principles directly implemented to the improvement of CBK Project. 1. Long-Term Philosophy The long term philosophy in the context of lean can be explained as: I. Base Your Management Decisions on Long-Term Philosophy Long term philosophy gives a plate form for an organization to initialize the start of future prospects. Long term approaches are usually declared in the form of upcoming 5, 10, 15 or 20 years in which it is clearly briefed about the future plans of the organization. Commercial Bank of Kuwait should introduce this approach right from the start of future projects. This will enhance the managerial skills of the organization and an approach to solve all the problems will be upgraded (Carroll, 2002) and hence shown in Fig.4 after application. 2. Process Improvement The process improvement section of the Lean principles consists of following aspects: II. Create Continuous Process Flow to Bring Problems to the Surface This principle of Lean suggests that the working criteria of the company should be such that it is running smoothly, fast and in an accurate manner. In this way any problem that arises during the process, may be handled quite easily. This principle can be implemented in the design and the planning phase as it removes many problems which are caused by starting different activities at same time. Such exercise was completely missing in the CBK Project. Multiple tasks were started at the same time, which lead to misunderstandings in the project. Smooth flow of work was least found and by implementing this technique the smooth flow of work can be seen. III. Use â€Å"Pull† System Pull system helps to reduce the un-necessary work that is done during the project. The use of pull system can be used in the pre-project and pre-construction phases during the design phases as this will help to control the time lapsed between the completion of the drawings and the designing. Un-necessary meetings and suggestions were found during the execution of the Pre-Tender phase whose burden, the overall project planning had to face. By introducing Pull system, much waste full activities can be overcome. IV. Level out the Workload The workers at work shouldnt be overburdened at any time of the project. This not only applies to the Labor but also to the Design Team. When it comes to the labor, it should be taken care off that every labor has equal work allocated to him and work load should be calculated according to the time available. Similarly the Design team should be